Contents
THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN SCHOLARSHIP AND HIGHER EDUCATION
Current research in the field of the history of Russian scholarship and higher education. (Introduction) Rostovtsev E.A. (Saint Petersburg)……………………………………………………………………………………13
EUGENII ANATOLIEVICH ROSTOVTSEV — Ph.D. in History, Associate Professor, Institute of History, Saint Petersburg State University.
199034, Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Mendeleev l., 5.
E-mail: e.rostovtsev@spbu.ru
Potekhina I.P. (Saint Petersburg). History of St. Petersburg University as a subject of collective research projects………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………14
IRINA PAVLOVNA POTEKHINA — Candidate of History, Associate Professor,
Saint-Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University).
190013, Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Moskovsky Prospect, 26.
E-mail: anscelida@inbox.ru
This article discusses a number of collective research projects on the history of St. Petersburg University, organized by the Center for History in the University in 2011–2015. In course of their realization members of the Centre created several network resources such as «History of St. Petersburg University in the virtual space», «Network Biographical Dictionary of professors and teachers of St. Petersburg University (1819–1917)», «Network Biographical Dictionary of historians of St. Petersburg University (XVIII–XX)», «Biographical Dictionary of philosophers Petersburg University» and so on. Analyzing the main results of the projects, the author comes to the conclusion that the creation of electronic database of the university’s history and on its basis attempts to build a collective biography of St. Petersburg scholars may contribute to a fuller understanding of the specifics of St. Petersburg scholarship.
Keywords: History of St. Petersburg University, history of higher education, the St. Petersburg historical school, biographic studies, collective biography, prosopography.
Loskutova M.V. (Saint Petersburg). The forestry institute in Kozel’sk and the early history of the higher forestry education in the Russian empire………………………………………………………………………………………….22
MARINA VIKTOROVNA LOSKUTOVA — Ph.D. in History, Associate Professor, History Department, National Research University – Higher School of Economics.
198099, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Promyshlennaia st., 17.
E-mail: mvlosk@yandex.ru
The paper examines the history of the forestry institute, which existed in the Kozel’sk district of the Kaluga province in 1804–1813.This institute was later transferred to St. Petersburg and merged with a few other schools of forestry thus laying the foundations for the St. Petersburg Forestry Institute — one of the leading schools of forestry in the nineteenth – twentieth century in Europe. On the basis of archival sources, the paper reconstructs the geographical location of the institute, the background of its professors and students, as well as its curriculum and material conditions of its daily life. The paper analyses the origins of this educational initiative, the causes that provided the decision to establish the institute and the subsequent decision to close it down and to transfer its students and faculties to the capital of the empire. In the conclusion, we place the institute in Kozel’sk in a broader context of higher education in Russia and Europe in the early nineteenth century. Discusses the relationship between the appearance of the first specialized forestry educational institutions and emerged problems with regeneration of forest resources in some regions of Central and Eastern Europe in this period.
Keywords: higher education, Russian empire, nineteenth century, forestry education.
Barinov D.A. (Saint Petersburg). Petersburg (Petrograd) university colonies: from Revolution to the World War…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..30
DMITRIY ANDREEVICH BARINOV — Candidate of Historical Sciences, Institute of History, Saint Petersburg State University.
199034, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Medeleevskaya linia, 5.
E-mail: barinovdima1990@yandex.ru
Students’ colonies performed very important role in the life of Higher educational institutions in Russia at the edge of the XIX–XX centuries. Their influence was significant in the matter of mutual help and education as well as in the organization of political protests. However, till the present time the activity of these self-ruled students’ organizations was out of the researchers’ interest. The article aims to make up the existing lacuna in the historiography and contemplate not only the outlined spheres of colonies life but the special traits of its’ structure, legal status, regional and confessional constitution. We investigated thoroughly the economic activity of the colonies, estimated its efficiency, and distinguished the main sources for the budget formation. While investigating the socio-political activity of the members of the colonies, the attention was paid to the relations between the fraternities and the major political parties.
The article also throws the light upon the theme of the First World War and the conflicts between the different national and political groups of students, which became strained with the beginning of the war.
Keywords: Petersburg University, students’ movement, colonies, First World War, Higher school.
Rostovtsev E.A., Sidorchuk I.V. (Saint Petersburg). The mobilization of intellect and poisonous gases: The history of science at the Petrograd University in during the period of World War I………………………………………….40
EUGENII ANATOLIEVICH ROSTOVTSEV — Ph.D. in History, Associate Professor, Institute of History, Saint Petersburg State University.
199034, Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Mendeleev l., 5.
E-mail: e.rostovtsev@spbu.ru
ILIA VICTOROVICH SIDORCHUK — Ph.D. in History, Researcher, Institute of History, Saint Petersburg State University.
199034, Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Mendeleev l., 5.
E-mail: i.sidorchuk@spbu.ru
This article is devoted to the history and activity of The War Chemical Committee under the control of The Russian Physico-Chemical Society of the Petrograd University. The Committee was established in the autumn of 1915 in Petrograd with the goal to unite “Russian chemists for a joint and systematic work on issues related to the needs of national defense” and it had offices in various cities of the Empire. The authors examines the role of its members, especially the lecturers of the Petrograd University (in particular, Vladimir Ipatieff and Lev Chugaev), in the development of various chemicals, including poison gases, and evaluate their contribution to the development of the chemical industry in Russia. The article describes the creation and operation of The Experimental Plant that later became part of the Institute of Applied Chemistry. The authors come to the conclusion that the Committee clearly demonstrated the ability of Russian scientists to work on the solution of the state’s problems.
Keywords: The War Chemical Committee of The Russian Physico-Chemical Society, The Petrograd University, chemical weapons in World War I, Chemical Committee under the control of the Main Artillery Directorate, Vladimir Ipatieff, Lev Chugaev.
Ponomarev E.R. (Saint Petersburg). Literature as ideology (literary studies in the USSR from secondary school to higher education)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..49
EVGENY RUDOLFOVICH PONOMAREV — Doctor of Philology, Associate professor, St. Petersburg State University of Culture.
191186, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Dvortsovaya emb., 2.
E-mail: eponomarev@mail.ru
The article suggests the new approach to the Soviet education studies: teaching literature in the Soviet school and in the Soviet humanitarian universities (school and university education could be taken together), the Soviet authorities created the academic course of ideology and loyalty. The aim of literary studies in the USSR was not the academic aims, but the aims of propaganda. Reviewing the key conceptions of literature education in the USSR in the period of 1930–1991 (in the 1920s literature was not an important academic discipline) the author makes the conclusion that literary studies in the USSR was totally (or most totally) reduced to the purposes of domestic propaganda. That is why Russian criticism became embarrassed after the crash of the USSR and why the modern Russian humanitarians is suffering from the disease of “the habit of ideology”.
Keywords: humanitarian university, Soviet school, literary studies, USSR, ideology.
Tsygankov D.A. (Saint Petersburg). The authority of a teacher and scholar conflicts in the community of the Moscow historians in the late XIX — early XX centuries………………………………………………………………………..54
DMITRY ANDREJEVICH TSYGANKOV — Ph.D. in History, Senior Researcher, Moscow State University.
119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, Lomonosvskyi prospect 27-4.
E-mail: tsdm@yandex.ru
The article considers the problem of leadership in the community of the Moscow historians at the turn of XIX–XX centuries. This paper analyzes the consequences of the conflicts in the historical-philological faculty of The Moscow University, which was attended by representatives of different generations of scholars: V.I. Guerrier, V.O. Klyuchevsky, P.G. Vinogradov, P.N. Miliukov, M.S. Korelin, R.Y. Vipper, I.I. Ivanov and E.N. Schepkin. The leader who can bridge the differences among the Moscow historians was absent. This distinguishes the situation of the early XXth century from the era of T. Granovsky and S. Solovyov. The unity in the community of the Moscow historians began to weaken. The tranquility at the Department of World history at The Moscow University was broken by Vipper. Vipper was supported by the younger generation of historians. Kareev and Vinogradov stayed on the side of Guerrier. Representatives of Guerrier school determined the balance of power in the community of the Moscow historians, but with difficulty kept the unity of this association.
Keywords: Guerrier school, community of the Moscow historians, academic conflicts.
Malinov A.V. (Saint Petersburg). Political Slavic studies of V.I. Lamansky………………………………………..62
ALEXEI VALER’EVICH MALINOV — Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Russian philosophy and culture, Saint-Petersburg State University.
199034, Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Universitetskaya nab., 7-9.
E-mail: a.v.malinov@gmail.com
The article considers the evolution of the views of the St. Petersburg University Professor Vladimir Ivanovich Lamansky (1833–1914). Lamansky was the largest Slavicist of its time, the founder of the so-called «historical school of Lamansky» in Russian Slavic Studies. In his research and teaching activities, he started from the provisions of the Slavophile doctrine. Lamansky first works were devoted to issues of «Russian selfconsciousness», the necessary stimulus for the development of which he considered the study of the history and literature of the Slavic peoples. Slavic studies was the main scholar specialty of Lamansky. However, Slavistic studies led him to the formulation of historiosophical or, according to its classification of «political-geographic» doctrine of the Greek-Slavic world. The centerpiece of the civilizational conception of Lamansky was Russia, so their general works he came to realize the necessity of expansion of Rusistics studies.
Keywords: V.I. Lamansky, Slavic studies, Greek-Slavic world, geopolitics, civilization, Russian studies, Slavophilism, Slavs.
Tikhonov I.L. (Saint Petersburg). F.A. Braun — professor, dean, vice-rector of Saint-Petersburg University…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..72
IGOR L’VOVICH TIKHONOV — Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Archaeology, Institute of History, Saint-Petersburg State University, Head of Museum of History of the Saint-Petersburg State University,
199034, Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9.
E-mail: I.Tikhonov@spbu.ru
The article is devoted to the biography and scholar activities of the philologist and historian, professor of Saint-Petersburg University F.A. Braun (1862–1942), who created a great contribution to the development of native German and Scandinavian studies. Works of F.A. Braun in archeology are explored for the first time. In 1905 he was elected as the Dean of History and Philology Faculty, also he was elected by his colleagues as a vice-rector of the University in the next year. While serving as a vice-rector, Braun has earned the love and respect of the students, as he was always advocated in their interests. In 1908 he was forced to leave the post of vice-rector, because of a disagreeing with the Ministry of Education, which was pressing on the student freedom. After that F.A. Braun was elected several times as the Dean of History and Philology Faculty. In 1920 he moved to Germany and became a professor at the University of Leipzig. He continued to keep in touch with Russian scientists. A valuable source of information about his life and activities in this period is in his letters to Professor S.F. Platоnov.
Keywords: F.A. Braun, Saint-Petersburg State University, archeology, Goths, Crimea.
Zhukovskаya T.N. (Saint Petersburg). Paris of Alexander Presnyakov……………………………………………84
TATYANA NIKOLAEVNA ZHUKOVSKАYA — Ph.D. in History, Associate professor, Institute of History, Saint Petersburg State University.
198515, Saint Petersburg, Strelna, ul. Gogolya 12-77.
E-mail: tzhukovskaya@yandex.ru ; t.zhukovskaya@spbu.ru
The article is about the mission to Paris of the famous Russian historian Alexander Presnyakov, which he accomplished during summer of 1911. The main source of analysis is his letters to his wife, which are remarkable by their rare detail and candor. The center of interest — the system of academic and cultural communication, in which Presnyakov was included in during his stay in the French capital. This article presents his academic and personal relationships in the context of his perception of art and everyday life in Paris. These relationships formed his “lifeworld” as an intellectual. Attitudes to Paris as the quintessence of bourgeois Europe and European culture, expressed gnomic and emotionally. This allows to classification, without a doubt, A.E. Presnyakov as a Westerner and European in spirit, regardless of his disciplinary belonging to school of “Russian historians.”
Keywords: A.E. Presnyakov, cultural life of Paris in the beginning of XX century, Petersburg historical school.
Dvornichenko A.J. (Saint Petersburg). Byzantine-Russian-Crimean motives in the works of George Vernadsky………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….94
ANDREJ JUR’EVICH DVORNICHENKO — Doctor of History, St. Petersburg State University.
199034, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9.
E-mail: a.dvornichenko@spbu.ru
This article is devoted to the unstudied problem that can be formulated as George Vernadsky — Byzantinologist. The historian was a proficient in ancient and modern languages and he early began to study the subject of Byzantine history and achieved considerable success. He was interested in the history of the peasants, community and a number of other problems. However, the history of Byzantium attracted him as a ground for more adequate understanding of the history of Russia. That’s why he focused his attention on the state-church relations in Byzantium, which affected the relationship between church and state in Muscovy in its formation and development. These were the vibrations from the complete subordination of the church to the state that became to the harmonious interaction between the two authorities. Another subject — the Crimea, which constantly found itself at the center of Russian-Byzantine relations. Vernadsky was, perhaps, the only historian in the West, who defended the idea of a permanent presence of Russian ethno-political society on the peninsula all his academic life.
Keywords: historiography, G. Vernadsky, Byzantium, Ancient Rus, Crimea, Russian-byzantine relations.
Tribunskii P.A. (Saint Petersburg). Alina Brylińska and Russian Studies in the United Kingdom……………..108
PAVEL ALEKSANDROVICH TRIBUNSKII — Ph.D. in History, Senior Researcher, House of Russian Diaspora Abroad named after A. Solzhenitsyn, Senior Researcher, The Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
109240, Russian Federation, Moscow, Niznya Radishevskaya str., 2;
117036, Russian Federation, Moscow, Dmitry Uliyanov str., 19.
E-mail: pt2140@yandex.ru
The article is devoted to the life and work of the linguist Alina Brylińska (1887–1976). Forcing to pursue higher education outside the country of birth, Alina Brylińska specialized in philological disciplines, paying preferential attention to modern languages (French, English and German). She considered these languages to be future educational activities. However, the extraordinary events of the early twentieth century, and particular World War I, made Brylińska’s career in the UK almost exclusively as a teacher of the Russian language. Brylińska’s university career in Scotland education was short, but very intense. The strong tradition of Russian studies in the United Kingdom, and, in particular, in Scotland, which began to form during World War I, did not form due to a general decline of interest in Russia.
Keywords: Alina Brylińska, Russian studies, Great Britain, University of St. Andrews.
THEORETICAL ISSUES
Lu Sicong (Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, P R C). K.B. Radek and his «History of Revolutionary movement in China»……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..113
LU SICONG — postgraduate student, Department of History of Social Movements and Political Parties, Faculty of History, Moscow State University.
Room 104, Road Changling, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China.
E-mail: lsc-04@mail.ru
In 1920s Soviet sinologist K.B. Radek came up with his own version of Marxist interpretation of Chinese history in a lecture named “History of Revolutionary Movement in China”. Dwelling on China’s class relations and social formations, Radek insisted on a theory about the particularity of medieval and modern Chinese history. According to this theory, typical feudalism in China came to its end in the 3rd century B.C. From that moment commercial capital in a long period coexisted with feudal elements, and two social classes were integrated into a whole — “landowners-bourgeoisie”. Radek based his strategic instructions to Chinese communists on this theory: do not trust Chinese bourgeoisie — the potential reactionaries. Radek’s theory made Chinese historians question the dogma of “feudalism”, thus had a strong influence on Chinese historiography.
Keywords: Sinology, K.B. Radek, “History of Revolutionary Movement in China”, social formations, feudalism, commercial capital, landowners-bourgeoisie, history studies in China.
HISTORIOGRAPHY
Ippolitov G.M. (Samara), Poltorak S.N. (Saint Petersburg). Soviet historiography of the Civil War in Russia in 1930 — the first half of 1950………………………………………………………………………………………………….120
GEORGIYJ MIKHAYJLOVICH IPPOLITOV — Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Leading researcher of Institute of Russian History RAN (Povolzhsky branch, Samara), Professor of Department of Philosophy, Volga State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (Samara).
443101, Russian Federation, Samara, Novomolodezhnihyj pereulok, 21, 58.
E-mail: pfiri@ ssc.smr.ru; gippolitov@rambler.ru
SERGEYI NIKOLAEVICH POLTORAK — Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of journal «Klio»,
Professor of Department of History and Regional Studies, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications.
195220, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Grazhdanskiyj pr.,11.
E-mail: poltorak2006@yandex.ru
This article is a logical continuation of the authors’ publications devoted to the historiographical comprehension of the Russian Civil War history (see: Ippolitov G.M., Poltorak S.N. Early Soviet historiography of Civil War in Russia. 1918–1922 // Кlio. 2016. № 1 (109) pp. 43–61; Historiography of the Civil War in Russia during the first postwar years (1922–1932) // Klio. 2016. №3 (111). pp. 21–38). Now a lot of historiographical sources, which were published in the 1930s — the first half of the 1950s, come to the attention of researchers. These sources cover many aspects of the Russian Civil War history (November 1917–1922). It is not possible to cover them all in a single journal article. The authors performed their work in the overview and analytical manner and focused their research efforts only on certain aspects of the problem. The chronological framework of the publication of the historiographical sources, which were analyzed below, had coincided with one of the most difficult periods in the history of the Soviet state — period of formation, approval and unchallenged the domination of the Stalinist regime in the country. This regime has left a mark on the development of Soviet history in general and historiography of the Civil War in Russia, in particular. The authors do not claim that they fully examined the topic, which their article is dedicated to.
Keywords: Civil War in Russia, historiography, V.I. Lenin, I.V. Stalin, E.B. Genkina, V. Malikov, “The History of the Civil War in the USSR: in five volumes”, counter-revolutionary hotbeds.
GENERAL HISTORY
Terentyev V.I. (Gorno-Altaisk). The Political division of Western Mongolia in the mid 18th — early 20th century as a factor of consolidation of ethnic groups………………………………………………………………………………140
VLADISLAV IGOREVICH TERENTYEV — postgraduate student, Chair of Archeology and World History, Gorno-Altaisk State University.
649000, Russian Federation, Gorno-Altaisk, Lenkin Str., 1.
E-mail: vlad33@bk.ru
The article defines the role of the political division of the Khovd District in the process of consolidation of ethnic groups of the western Mongols. It analyzes the history of the formation of the system of administration of western Mongolia from the mid-18th to early 20th century, a description of the composition of the «wings» Khovd District, indicate lists khoshuns — the basic units of the Political divisions. The law «Code of the Chinese Chamber of External Relations» was controlled by the nomadic khoshuns system. Khoshuns boundaries marked on the ground and marked on the map. These were all the factors that affected the formation of the ethnic self-identification and territorial identity of ethnic groups in Western Mongolia.
Keywords: Mongolia, Qing Dynasty, Khovd district, western Mongols, political division, khoshun, somon.
HISTORY OF RUSSIA
Volgin E.I. (Moscow). Problems of the legitimation of political associations during «perestroika»……………146
EVGENY IGOREVICH VOLGIN — Ph.D. in political sciences, assistant professor, Faculty of history, Department of the history of social movements and political parties, Moscow State University.
107061, Russian Federation, Moscow, B. Cherkizovskaya, building 2/3, apartment 43.
E-mail: plytony@yandex.ru
The article is devoted to the enactment of a special political party’s law in the soviet state during «perestroika». Democratic reforms determined the full legitimation of the political opposition. This led to a radical revision of the constitutional status of the communist party as an ultimate ruling structure and also to the development and adoption of the special law of political associations. By the analyzing of the documents of legislature the author reveals quite a complicated process of preparation and adoption of this law. The author points out that the influence and remnants of one-single party system that had existed for many years became the main factor in the process of the legitimation of alternative political organizations. Lawmakers sought to preserve as much privileges as possible for the communist party.
Keywords: political parties, the law, the constitution, perestroika, the communist party, deputies, political opposition, one-party system.
HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Yastrebov A.O. (Venice, Italy). Russia and the Venetian Greeks in the second half of the XVI — the second half of the XVII century………………………………………………………………………………………………………….155
ALEXEY OLEGOVICH YASTREBOV — Candidate of Theology, Doctor of Philosophy, Archpriest, Rector of the parish of the Myrrhbearers (Venice, Italy), Administration of the parishes of the Moscow Patriarchate in Italy Russian Orthodox Church.
30171, Italy, Venice, Via Monte Piana 40.
E-mail: mirofore@gmail.com
The article focuses on the historical perspective of the relations of the Moscow government and the Greek community of Venice from the end of the XVI century until the end of the XVII century.
As it is known, the dominant aspect of the foreign European policy at the time was the problem of the Ottoman Empire. The Greeks were on both sides of the confrontation line. Their lands were part of both the European states and the Ottoman Empire. However, not always was the moral choice in favour of the Christians. In fact, many Greeks faithfully served the sultan in the army and navy, and provided other valuable information-related and military aid. There are a number of reasons for this, the last but not least being the oppression of Catholics in Hellenic areas, which they controlled.
Venice was one of the first to suffer from the Ottoman war machine. The republic had to develop a policy towards the Greeks, which on the one hand would satisfy Rome and demand the Greek’s appeal to the union, and on the other hand make them Orthodox allies, not enemies.
The Venetians tried to succeed in this with the help of Russia, in an alliance with which the Hellenes (and the Greeks from the Turkish domain) would be willing to support the republic. In the XVI century, the alliance of the Russians with the Venetians was outlined. It is with Alexis and Sophie that the military partnership between Russia and the European countries reached the level of the joint anti-Turkish campaigns. The degree of the Greek participation in the Russian-Venetian diplomatic contacts increased correspondingly. All this enabled the extensive use of the Greek contribution for the benefit of domestic and foreign policy of Russia during the era of Peter the Great. And the Venetian Greeks played an important role.
Keywords: Muscovy, Venice, Republic of Saint Mark, Greeks, Ottoman Empire, Cyprus war, Ivan the Terrible.
Antonova L.V. (Pskov). 1886 Colonial and Indian Exhibition — «the opportunity of a century» for the British West Indies………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………164
LIDIA VLADIMIROVNA ANTONOVA — postgraduate student, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of General History, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg.
180016, Russian Federation, Pskov, Yubileinaya Street, 85–12.
E-mail: antonova.lidia.24@yandex.ru
The article deals with the participation of the British West Indies in the 1886 Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London. The Exhibition had to demonstrate the economic and cultural prosperity of all imperial possessions and also became an instrument of imperial consolidation. The examination of the exhibition content, catalogues, and guidebooks has revealed that the 1886 Exhibition became to Caribbean territories as an indicator of the whole complex of economic and administrative problems. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the 1886 Exhibition was a unique chance for the peripheral regions not only to attract immigrants, investors, and tourists but to draw the attention of the imperial authorities to the urgent problems of the local industry and inefficient colonial system of government.
Keywords: 1886 Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London; British Empire; West Indies; colonial policy; Imperial building.
Lomako V.V. (Saint Petersburg). Russian-Cyprus contacts in the sphere of business: the history of formation of the partnership, main directions of the cooperation………………………………………………………………………169
VIKTORIIA VALERIEVNA LOMAKO — postgraduate student, Department of international relations in the post-Soviet areas, Saint Petersburg State University.
192007, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Borovaya st., 59-61, 113.
E-mail: vdyadina@mail.ru
The article is devoted to the history of the Russian (Soviet)-Cyprus relations in the sphere of business. Relations between Russia and Cyprus have always developed in a positive way, our countries try to find a way out of any situation that happened and could affect on the bilateral relations. In recent years, the business relations between the two countries paid a lot of attention, this is due to a large jump in the development of relations after the visit of D. Medvedev to Cyprus in 2010, after which the number of documents was signed, also in the sphere of the trade and the economy. The article examines the main stages in the trade and economic relations between the two states, the main areas of cooperation, describes the results of what has been achieved. Each step is described in details, it describes the import and export between the two states. The author takes attention to the issue of investment and offshore.
Keywords: Russia, Cyprus, business, international relations, bilateral relations, trade, offshore.
ARCHAEOLOGY
Goldina E.V. (Izhevsk), Egor’kov A.N. (Saint Petersburg). The composition of glass beads from burial grounds at the Middle Kama region I–V centuries AD (Boyarka, Dubrovskiy, Zaborie, Tarasovo)………………………….177
EKATERINA VLADIMIROVNA GOLDINA — Ph.D. in History, Associate professor of Department of civil law of the Udmurt State University.
426034, Russian Federation, Izhevsk, Krasnogeroiskaya st., 77-2.
E-mail: goldina66@yandex.ru
ALEXANDER NIKOLAEVICH EGOR’KOV — Ph.D. in technical sciences, Senior Researcher of the Institute for the History of Material Culture of Russian Academy of Sciences.
196128, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Kuznetsovskaya st., 22-58.
E-mail: yegorkov@mail.ru
The optical emission spectrometry analysis of glass beads excavated in four cemeteries I–V centuries AD at the Middle Kama region namely Boyarka (Aray), Dubrovskiy, Zaborie, Tarasovo showed that analyzed glass predominantly belongs to two types. The glass of the first type was manufactured from native natron (trona evaporite) and the glass of the second type was made using the ash of halophytes. The glass of both types seems to be originated from Mediterranean areal that possesses the sources of raw materials. Commonly admitted point of view is that different types of beads came separately from different glass-making workshops. On the contrary, the data from Udmurtia inhumations suggest that different types of glass (natron and ash) probably were not only used in the same workshops but also used to produce the beads of the same type or moreover together for manufacturing composite pieces.
Keywords: Middle Kama region, cemeteries, beads, composition of glass, ash, natron.
HISTORY OF CULTURE
Gessen V.Y. (Saint Petersburg). To the history of all-Union Association “The International book”: implementation of requisitioned literature (1922–1935)…………………………………………………………………………………..186
VALERII YUL’EVICH GESSEN — Ph.D. in Economics.
196233, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Zvezdnaya 11/ 2, 140.
E-mail: gessen27@mail.ru
This article refers to a series of our publications on the topic of “Bolshevik Cultural Revolution in Petrograd-Leningrad in 1917–1929 years”, placed in ten magazines “Klio” in the period from May 2015. Besides the general questions, these articles consider the problem, which associated with the requisition of various kinds of property, including the contents of libraries and archives, from the population by the new government. Then the large parts of the seized books were sent to realization through a joint stock company “International book”, which was specially crafted by the authorities. The most important task of this company was to obtain currency by selling books abroad. It also published catalogs for advertising, which were mostly called “Bulletin”.
Keywords: “International book”, antique shop, requisition, literature, library, catalog, Bulletin, Edition, compilation, Ex Libris.
REVIEWS OF SCHOLARLY PUBLICATIOS
Vasil’ev Yu.S., Pogodin S.N., Zhigalova A.A. (Saint Petersburg). The innovative work about the Great Patriotic War……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….195
YURIY SERGEEVICH VASILIEV — Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Supervisor of Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University.
195251, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29.
E-mail: president@spbstu.ru
SERGEY NIKOLAEVICH POGODIN — Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of International Relations, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University.
195220, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Grazhdanskij prospekt, 28.
E-mail: kmo@imop.spbstu.ru
ANNA ANDREEVNA ZHIGALOVA — graduate student of the Department of History and Regional Studies, Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications.
193232, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Prospect Bolshevikov, 22.
E-mail: istoria@gf-sut.ru
The article presents a review, which analyzes the content of the fundamental edition in twelve volumes about the history of the Great Patriotic War. It is noted that the work prepared by a large team of authors — prominent military historians from many Russian cities. This edition takes into account the rich historiographical experience of domestic and foreign historians, gained more than 70 years. It is noted that a large block of published documents and information drawn from Russian and foreign archives is introduced into this edition. The content of the publication of each volume is analyzed in detail, it is noted that all of these volumes are connected by a single concept. This fundamental edition about of the events of 1941–1945 became the largest research of the Great Patriotic War history.
Keywords: Great Patriotic War, World War II, USSR, Soviet Union, the feat of the Soviet people, the struggle against fascism, Red Army, Wehrmacht.
JUBILEES
Kashchenko S.G., Markova M.A., Priymak N.I. (Saint Petersburg). By the 25th anniversary of the Department of Source Studies of Russian History (Institute of History, St. Petersburg State University): tradition and modernity………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..203
SERGEY GRIGOR’YEVICH KASHCHENKO — Doctor of History, Professor, Department of Source Studies of Russian History, St. Petersburg State University.
E-mail: s-kaschenko@spbu.ru
MARIA ALEKSANDROVNA MARKOVA — Ph.D. in History, Associate Professor, Department of Source Studies of Russian History, St. Petersburg State University.
E-mail: m.markova@spbu.ru
NINEL IVANOVNA PRIYMAK — Doctor of History, Professor, Department of Source Studies of Russian History, St. Petersburg State University.
E-mail: n.prijmak@spbu.ru
The article is devoted to the activities of the Department of Source Studies of Russian History (St. Petersburg State University), the focus is on the results achieved by the department staff in the last decade. Scholarly interests of the department employees are diverse. Together they reflect the most important aspects of the theory and practice of modern source study.
Keywords: source study, Saint Petersburg State University, historiography.
Dronova N.V., Shchegolikhina S.N. (Saint Petersburg). “It was a good school of kindness, responsibility and scholarship for life…”: to the 95th anniversary of V.K. Furaev……………………………………………………211
NATALIYA VLADIMIROVNA DRONOVA — Doctor of History, Professor of General History Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia.
198096, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Avtovskaya Street, 15/3-63.
E-mail: Dronova_n@mail.ru
SVETLANA NICKOLAEVNA SHCHEGOLIKHINA — PhD, Associate Professor of General History Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia.
191186, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Naberezhnaya reki Moiki 48.
E-mail: sveta.shc@mail.ru
This article is dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the birth of outstanding Russian historian Viktor Konstantinovich Furaev. He was a specialist in US history and US foreign policy in the twentieth century. The article outlines the main milestones of his professional biography, participation in the formation of the St. Petersburg school of American studies and training of scholarly and pedagogical personnel for high school. Based on the memoirs of his former graduate students, colleagues observed the professional and human qualities, which allowed Viktor Konstantinovich become one of the most respected and beloved teachers and colleagues in the circle of historians-Americanists. The article also discusses the main ideas of his works, which are of particular relevance in the modern world. It concludes that the works of V.K. Furaev retain their historical value as from the point of view of presented information, and methodological approach to address the key issues of foreign policy.
Keywords: Viktor Konstantinovich Furaev, school of American studies, USA history, foreign policy, training of scientific and pedagogical personnel.
Kuzminykh A.L. (Vologda). To the 65th anniversary of V.I. Goldin…………………………………………….217
ALEKSANDR LEONIDOVICH KUZMINYKH — Doctor of historical sciences, Associate professor, Professor of department of philosophy and history of the Vologda institute of law and economics of the Federal penal service.
E-mail: istorial@mail.ru
This article is dedicated to the 65th anniversary of the of well-known Russian scholar, doctor of history, professor V.I. Goldin. The article reflects the main stages of scholar-pedagogical and administrative activities of the celebrant, his contribution to the development of Russian scholarship and education.
Alekseeva L.V. (Nizhnevartovsk). The 65th Anniversary of Professor Y.G. Solodkin………………………..220
LYUBOVJ VASILJEVNA ALEKSEEVA — Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor at the Department of the Russian History, Nizhnevartovsk State University; Honored scientist of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Ugra.
628602, Russian Federation, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Nizhnevartovsk, ul. Omskaya, 54-71.
E-mail: lvalexeeva@mail.ru
The article describes career and research activity of Professor of the Department of history of Russia, head of the laboratory of historical regional studies of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment «Nizhnevartovsk State University», Doctor of Historical Sciences and Professor Yakov Grigorjevich Solodkin. He is an author of several publications in the journal «Klio». It is noted that his teachers were V.P. Lystsov and V.P. Zagorovsky. Y.G. Solodkin is a prominent specialist in the history of Russian journalism in the early XVII century. Y.G. Solodkin is a founder of the theoretical study of local history in Nizhnevartovsk. He has prepared 20 candidates and 1 doctor of historical sciences. Celebrant is an author of nearly a thousand scientific publications, the largest specialist in Siberian chronicles, the study of the history of Ermak’s expedition.
Keywords: Y.G. Solodkin, theoretical study of local history , chronicles , Siberian jails, Ermak.