Kuleshov D.S., Ornatskaya T.A. (Khabarovsk). Historiography of the activities of domestic security agencies in the Russian Far East in 1922–1934

DENIS SERGEEVICH KULESHOV
applicant of the Federal State
Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher
Education “Far Eastern Federal University”, Vladivostok,
Russian Federation, 680009, Khabarovsk сity, 89142100280,
e-mail: kuleshov_d82@mail.ru

TATYANA ALEKSANDROVN ORNATSKAYA
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State Legal Disciplines of the Far Eastern Branch of the
Russian State University of Justice
Russian Federation, 680000, Khabarovsk сity, East Highway street, 49
e-mail: ota12@yandex.ru

Abstract. In the article, the author analyzes the stages of development of the historiography of the history of domestic security agencies. The material systematizes the literature on the chronological and territorial principle, identifies the main directions of studying the history of special services in the Far East. The article outlines the main directions of studying the problem, gives a general description of the presented works of researchers. Based on the results of the analysis of historiography, the author comes to the conclusion that along with the emergence of new approaches in assessing the activities of security agencies, it is necessary to further study and preserve the previous heritage. Expanding the list of studies on the activities of Chekist units, taking into account regional factors, will create a basis for continuing the study of the history of domestic security agencies.
Keywords: historiography, security agencies, banditry, economic security, research, activity analysis

Keidun I.B. (Vladivostok). Military and political activities of Zhang Xueliang (historiographic review of the works of Russian authors late 20th – early 21st centuries)

IRINA BORISOVNA KEIDUN
Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of
Chinese Studies of the Far Eastern Federal University,
Russian Federation, 690013, Vladivostok, Nevelskoy St., 15, 108
e-mail: ikeidun@mail.ru  

Abstract. The article is devoted to a historiographical review of works available in domestic science dedicated to Zhang Xueliang, a prominent statesman and politician of China in the first half of the 20th century. The name of this man is quite widely known to historians, but our understanding of him cannot be called complete. Since Soviet times, Russian historiography has been accustomed to assessing him as an anti-Soviet, anti-communist politician, one of the so-called “militarists” who, pursuing their own interests, fought for power in the country after the Xinhai Revolution. Recently, however, in mainland China and Taiwan, he has ceased to be classified as a militarist. Moreover, he started being viewed as a statesman who, in the region he controlled, carried out activities aimed at developing the economy, reforming the army, and building a modern education system. This kind of activity allows us to speak about the first steps in the process of China’s modernization in the first half of the 20th century. In Russian historiography, there are practically no systematic, comprehensive works that provide an all-encompassing characteristic of the activities of Zhang Xueliang, analyzing the true motives of his actions. In this regard, it is time to analyze what information we have in order to understand where to go next.
Keywords: Zhang Xueliang, era of militarists in China, historiographic review, military and political history of China in the 1st half of the 20th century

Shabelnikova N.A., Belyaeva N.A. (Vladivostok). The activities of law enforcement agencies and special services in the Russian Far East from the perspective of modern domestic research

NATALIA ALEKSEEVNA SHABELNIKOVA
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Full Professor,
Department of Humanitarian Disciplines
Vladivostok branch of Far Eastern
Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal
Affairs of the Russian Federation
690087, Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Kotelnikova st., 21,
e-mail: nhistorik@mail.ru

NATALYA ANATOLIEVNA BELYAEVA
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Full Professor,
Department of History and Archaeology of the far Eastern Federal University
Russian Federation, 6900012, Vladivostok, Nadibaidze street, 17
e-mail: minava204@rambler.ru

Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of modern domestic research on the history of law enforcement agencies and special services of the Russian Far East. The activities of law enforcement agencies and special services are the most important component of the national security of the Russian state. They are the support and guarantee of its stability. The study of the history of the internal affairs bodies, the customs and judicial system and the special services acquires particular relevance in the modern period, which is characterized by both the active transformation of the law enforcement structure of Russia as a whole and the reform of the law enforcement agencies of the Far East, in particular. The article outlines the main directions of studying the problem and provides a brief description of them. Attention is focused on the formation of scientific schools on the history of customs and internal affairs bodies. The authors come to the conclusion that the Far Eastern historiography of the activities of law enforcement agencies and special services is characterized by ambiguity of methodological approaches, a variety of cognitive tools, and the breadth of the problem field of research. The works are presented mainly in articles. There is an uneven coverage of the history of the region. Nevertheless, Far Eastern researchers have made significant progress and continue to study little-known pages of the history of law enforcement agencies and special services in the region.
Keywords: modern historiography, the Far East, Russia, law enforcement agencies, special services, scientific achievements, research directions, scientific school

Lyaskina N.V. (Khabarovsk). The essence of the concepts of «homelessness”, “neglect” in the historical context of comprehension

NATALIA VYACHESLAVOVNA LYASKINA
Associate of the Far Eastern Law Institute of the
Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
680000, Russia, Khabarovsk, per.15 Kazarmenny street,
e-mail: Lnv2412@list.ru

Abstract. The article is devoted to the disclosure of the historical essence of a social phenomenon, such as homelessness and neglect of minors. Based on the analysis of various sources, interpretations of this phenomenon are given from the moment of the formation of Soviet power to the introduction of a modern legal concept. The interdisciplinary nature of the study of homelessness, primarily by psychologists, teachers, lawyers, including from a medical point of view, reveals this phenomenon more widely. Attention is drawn to the fact that in the study of the concept of “homelessness” already in the 20-30s of the twentieth century, three main approaches were identified: psychological and pedagogical, sociological and legal (legal). The author noted that the causes of juvenile delinquency are, first of all, of a general social nature, due to the policy of the state, both in foreign and domestic policy, which serves as the root causes of homelessness in the country. It is concluded that, despite the multidimensionality of the concept of “homelessness” in different historical periods, starting from the 30s of the twentieth century, there was a change in concepts in the study of homelessness and its causality, a departure from the concept of “defectiveness” towards the study of social conditions, in which the juvenile delinquent is continuously located, exerting a primary influence on the child.
Keywords: Keywords: scientific research, homelessness, neglect, crime, minors, Russia

Pikalov Yu.V. (Khabarovsk). The influence of the moral principle of mercy in the public consciousness of Russians on the national history

YURII VASILIEVICH PIKALOV
Doctor of Historical Sciences Full Professor, Department of National and Universal History of the Pacific National University
Russian Federation, 680000, Khabarovsk сity, K. Marks street, 68
e-mail: profiyvp@mail.ru

Abstract. The article attempts to analyze the development of national history not from the standpoint of economic determinism, but from the point of view of the determining influence of ethical principles on it. In this case, the ethical principle of “mercy” and its impact on important events in Russian history are considered. The illegality of substituting the principle of “mercy” for the practice of charity is pointed out. The author questions the modern ratings of the charity of the countries of the world in isolation from this principle. At first glance, the inclusion of the state in the Russian civil society system looks unexpected. However, the cited examples of epochal historical events confirm this thesis. Concrete examples of national history show the defining show the decisive influence of mercy on its progress and differences from the history of Western countries.
Keywords: ethical principle, mercy, analysis of national history, public consciousness, charity, civil society, state

Tolstokulakov I.A. (Vladivostok). Perception of Russia in Korean Public Opinion in the Eve After the Russo-Japanese War, 1904 – 1905

IGOR ANATOLIEVICH TOLSTOKULAKOV
PhD, Doctor of Science (History), Professor at the Chair of Korean Studies
Far Eastern Federal University
(Russia, Vladivostok)
Russia, 690105, Vladivostok, Davydova str., 42 – 75
FEFU Address: Russia, 690091, г. Vladivostok, Sukhanova str., 8
e-mail: tolstokulakov.ia@dvfu.ru

Abstract. The article is devoted to the changes in the perception of Russia by the public consciousness of pre-colonial Korea since forcible opening of the country to external influence in the mid-1870s and till Korea’s annexation to Japanese Empire in 1910. The article presents an analysis of several factors that influenced upon the formation of a new worldview in Korea after its rejection of Confucian isolationism, primarily – the awareness of oneself as part of the world and regional community in the Northeast Asia as well as feeling of the colonial enslavement threat. Particular attention is paid to the rivalry of the colonial powers for the influence on the Peninsula and to public, authorities and scientific circles reaction to Russian, Japanese and British policy in Korea. The author has determined projections of Russian position in relation to Korea on its assessment by the local society and government. The article notes that the initial positive attitude towards Russia was replaced by the myth of the Russian threat, inspired in the early 1880s by British diplomats, and later – by Japanese ideological influence on the Korean people. As a result, the warming interstate relations in the mid-1890s had been replaced by growing hostility in the late 1890s – early XX Century. The British intrigues were replaced by the ideological postulates of Japan, such as «Theory of Asian Solidarity», «Theory of Common Prosperity for East Asian Peoples», etc. They all served for consolidation of Russian image as an enemy in minds of the Korean people and aimed at enslaving the country. It is emphasized that this ideological background simplified the task of Korea colonizing, which the Japanese began to implement on the eve of the Russo-Japanese War. Particular attention is paid to the split in Korean public opinion during the period of Japanese protectorate (1905 – 1910), when a patriotic social stratum emerged in the country, and it was really friendly towards Russia.
Keywords: public opinion, Korean Peninsula, Japanese colonialism, indoctrination, Russo-Japanese War, Russian threat myth, national liberation movement

Garusova L.N. (Vladivostok). Evolution of Canadian Indigenous Education Policy

LARISA NIKOLAEVNA GARUSOVA
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor,
Professor of Asia Pacific Department,
Far Eastern Federal University,
Chief researcher, Institute of History,
Archaeology and Ethnography
of the Peoples of the Far East FEB RAS
Russia, 690078, Vladivostok, Khabarovskaya St., 24–10.
e-mail: lgarusova@mail.ru

Abstract. The article examines the transformation of the government policy in relation to school education of the aboriginal population of Canada. For a long time, Canadian Indians and Inuit were forcibly assimilated, their rights and resources were restricted, their culture and native languages were banned or destroyed, including through the imposition of the European education system on them. The practice of placing Aboriginal children in boarding schools turned out to be traumatic and harmful for them. Canada’s ethnic education policy has changed radically in recent decades. It is characterized by condemnation of the previous actions of the governments at all levels – from federal to local authorities and the public. Currently, the Government provides material and moral compensation to the aborigines for the damage caused by the authorities in the previous period.

Equalizing the education levels of indigenous peoples and other Canadians is becoming a means of expanding the socio-economic opportunities of Aborigines. Aboriginal languages and cultures are supported. Enhanced public funding of schools and language centers on the ground, as well as close cooperation of Aboriginal communities with the Canadian education authorities, are the main tools for its positive transformation.
Keywords: Canada, indigenous peoples, school education, public policy, government, preservation of aboriginal culture and languages.

Pozdnyakova V.I. (Vladivostok). Traditions of patriotic education of employees of the internal affairs bodies: genesis and evolution

VALENTINA IGOREVNA POZDNYAKOVA
Senior lecturer
Department of Humanitarian Disciplines
Vladivostok branch of Far Eastern
Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal
Affairs of the Russian Federation
690087, Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Kotelnikova st., 21,
e-mail: anitnelav1711@mail.ru

Abstract. The article is devoted to the historical analysis of the process of formation and development of the system of patriotic education of employees of internal affairs bodies. The study of the historical retrospective of this aspect of law enforcement activity is of particular relevance in the light of the current geopolitical situation and the recognition of patriotism as a national idea and a guarantor of national security. The article focuses on the fact that the priority of moral, patriotic values in the activities of the Russian police was laid from the very beginning of its foundation. Special attention is drawn to the fact that the development of traditions of patriotic education of law enforcement soldiers was closely linked with the evolution of philosophical and pedagogical ideas of patriotism education in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods of Russian history, with the process of institutionalization of internal affairs bodies and the formation of a system of professional training. The study identifies the most traditional forms of patriotic-oriented educational process, and also emphasizes the role of the cadet education system in their formation. It is concluded that the construction of an effective system of patriotic education of employees of internal affairs bodies is possible only on the basis of preservation, continuity and multiplication of traditions.
Keywords: patriotic education, educational work, patriotism, an employee of the internal affairs bodies, the history of the internal affairs bodies

Milezhik A.V. (Vladivostok). Development of the regions of the Russian Far East in the vector of the geopolitical project «Far Eastern Viceroyalty»

ALEXEY VIKTOROVICH MILEZHIK
Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Department of Humanitarian Disciplines of the Vladivostok Branch
Far Eastern Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
690087, Russia, Vladivostok, st. Kotelnikova, d. 21.
e-mail: avmilezhik@yandex.ru

Abstract. In article various aspects of activity of the Viceroy of the Far East the vice-admiral E.I. Alexeev and subordinated to him administrative institutions during the period from 1903 to 1905 in a context of social and economic development of the Far East regions of the Russian Empire are considered. Particular attention is paid to the organization of management of the Far Eastern provinces in view of the establishment of the Viceroyalty and the Committee for the Affairs of the Far East. The author assesses the effectiveness of the newly introduced structures in solving the problems of economic development of the Far Eastern outskirts. The author concludes that it is necessary to shift researchers’ attention from foreign policy to domestic policy and socio-economic aspects of the activities of the Special Viceroyalty of the Far East and to further their comprehensive study.
Keywords: The Far East, the Russian Empire, Far Eastern Viceroyalty, management system, economic development, Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905

Lavrik L.A. (Vladivostok). The policy of requisitions in the Far East region in the years of Civil war

LYUDMILA ALEKSANDROVNA LAVRIK
Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor,
Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History
of State and Law of the
Vladivostok Branch of the Russian Customs Academy.
690002 Vladivostok, st. Ocean Avenue, 104, apt. 9
e-mail: politica-vfrta@yandex.ru

Abstract. The article is devoted to a little–studied problem – the policy of requisitions in the Far Eastern region during the Civil War. The focus is on requisitions that were carried out against commercial firms within the framework of the foreign trade policy of non-Bolshevik governments based on prohibitions and restrictions on export-import operations. The study was carried out on the basis of studying the records of local governments from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East (RGIA DV). The author examines the specifics of the requisition policy in relation to commercial firms in the Far Eastern region, reveals the mechanism of requisitions and traces the attitude of business circles to requisitions. The policy of requisitions is considered in the general context of the foreign trade policy of non-Bolshevik governments. It is concluded that during the Civil War in the Far Eastern region, within the framework of the established mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade through the prohibitive and permissive system of regulation of export-import operations, local governments actively resorted to requisitions against commercial firms. This historical experience shows that the policy of requisitions can be considered as an element of state regulation in a political crisis.
Keywords: Civil war, international trade, mechanism of the international trade regulation by the state, requisitions, customs, commerce, export, import

Gridyaeva M.V. (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk). Photographic heritage of the participants of the first Soviet scientific expeditions to Southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands

MARINA VLADIMIROVNA GRIDYAEVA
Ph.D. in History, Leading researcher,
State historical archive of the Sakhalin region
693007, Russian Federation, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Dzerzhinsky St., 72
E-mail: grimar123@yandex.ru

Abstract. Soviet scientists were direct and active participants in the grandiose “construction of socialism” on South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, which were transferred to Soviet jurisdiction at the end of World War II. They were “discovering” new territories for the Soviet country. This period is associated with the activity of various scientific expeditions, both complex, whose goal was to collect the maximum possible information about the islands, and special, which were usually formed on the basis of specialized institutions, such as the Academy of Sciences, the All-Russian Geographical Society (VGO), TINRO, VNIGRI, etc. An integral part of the scientific heritage was photo-documentation, abandoned to unjustified oblivion. 

This article examines the photographic heritage of the participants of the first Soviet scientific expeditions studying the island region in the postwar years. The specific features of photodocumentary materials are characterized, the main part of which consists of scientific and applied photography in various fields of science, as well as vivid genre (everyday life) and portrait photographs. The study of tendencies in expeditionary photography is based on the example of visual heritage of professional (“regular”) photographer I.S. Kvach, as well as that of scientists of the Sakhalin base of the USSR Academy of Sciences, who used photography in their fieldwork. The research is based on the documents of the archive of the Primorsky Regional Branch of the All-Russian Public Organization “Russian Geographical Society” – Society for Study of Amur Region and of the archive of the Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of FEB RAS (practically for the first time introduced into scientific circulation), which keep the largest photographic collections of the expedition participants. The conclusion is made that the photographic heritage of the scientists has both scientific and cultural-historical value. The photographic material came to the archives of the institutions that formed the expeditions, also added to the funds of other institutions such as institutes and museums, or remained in personal collections.
Keywords: photos, scientific expeditions, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, scientists, research, archival data, Sakhalin Island, Kuril Islands

Ornatskaya T.A., Tsukanov S.S. (Khabarovsk). Features of staffing judicial institutions in the Russian Far East in the mid-1920s

TATYANA ALEKSANDROVNA ORNATSKAYA
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State Legal Disciplines of the Far Eastern Branch of the
Russian State University of Justice
Russian Federation, 680000, Khabarovsk сity, East Highway street, 49
e-mail: ota12@yandex.ru

SERGEY SERGEEVICH TSUKANOV
Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor,
Department of Theory and History of Law and State
of the Russian State University of Justice
Russian Federation, 680000, Khabarovsk сity, East Highway street, 49
e-mail: cep200670@yandex.ru

Abstract. The article is devoted to the history of the formation of the Soviet judicial system in the Russian Far East. The long period of the Civil War in the Far East led to the later entry of the region into the RSFSR. And the existence of the Far Eastern Republic with a body of normative legal acts complicated the entry of territories into the legal space of the RSFSR. The leadership of the People’s Commissariat of Justice of the RSFSR showed particular concern for the staffing of the judicial system of the Far East. On the basis of archival materials, the authors investigate the staffing of the courts of the Far East region. The analysis of the requirements that were presented for filling the position of a people’s judge, the level of professional training of specialists in the judiciary was carried out, conclusions were drawn about the peculiarities of staffing the judicial institutions of the Far East.
Keywords: Far East, justice authorities, judicial system, personnel, legality

Serdyuk M.B. (Vladivostok). Museums on the CER in the commercial life of Northern Manchuria (1922-1934)

MARIA BORISOVNA SERDYUK
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Arts and Design of the Far Eastern Federal University
Russia, 690922, Primorsky Krai, Vladivostok, Russian Island, Ajax village, 10.
e-mail: userdyuk@mail.ru 

Abstract. The article examines the participation of the Museum of the Manchurian Territory Study Society, the Tariff-Demonstration Museum and the Linear Museums of the CER in the commercial life of Northern Manchuria. Museums in the settlements of the Chinese-Eastern Railway appeared in the 1920s. The first of them, the OIMK Museum, was created by a public organization. The rest are departmental museums and part of the railway structure. The OIMK Museum and the Tariff and Demonstration Museum were located in the capital of the CER – Harbin. Linear museums were opened at several railway stations. The reasons for the establishment of museums are shown. The focus of the museums on permanent cooperation with entrepreneurs of the region for the development of the CER and the economy of Northern Manchuria was noted. The participation of museums in industrial exhibitions, cataloging of local goods, commodity expertise, reference and advisory activities is shown. Museum staff translated the names of Far Eastern goods into European languages, published articles on the results of research on local products (agricultural and industrial goods, raw materials, semi-finished products, hunting products). Thus, museums on the CER were involved in the real economy of the region and became part of its infrastructure. This activity fundamentally distinguishes them from modern museums. This shows a change in the understanding of the museum and its functions.
Keywords: Society for the Study of the Manchurian Region, CER, Museum in Harbin, Tariff and demonstration museum, Linear museums

Usov A.V. (Vladivostok). Special Expedition for Underwater Works of the USSR (1923-1942): to the issue of the status of EPRON as a Red Banner organization

ALEKSEY VYACHESLAVOVICH USOV
Cand. in History,
Vladivostok branch of the Far Eastern Law
Institute of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, Associate Professor
690087, Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Kotelnikova St., 21;
e-mail: epronhist@ya.ru

Abstract. Based on an analysis of archival materials and published sources, the issue of recognizing the merits of the Special Expedition for Underwater Works “EPRON” (1923—1942) of the USSR at the highest state level is being considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the performance indicators of the investigated organization in emergency rescue and ship lifting in different chronological periods of the historical process. The fact of awarding the EPRON with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor is being questioned, a hypothesis is being put forward about awarding the Order of the Red Banner. Documents from various federal archives and data from the Central Archive of the FSB of Russia, previously inaccessible to researchers, are compared. The interaction of Nikolai Petrovich Chiker with the Central Archive of the KGB of the USSR in the preparation of the book “Special Service” in 1972 is covered. The author comes to the conclusion that the Soviet state has fully recognized the merits of the EPRON in the final part of the “Chekist” period of its development, moreover, the fact that exactly which order was awarded to the organization in 1929 remains not fully clarified. Prospects for continuing the study are outlined, related to the need to identify the text of the original source of the award document, to attract faleristics data.
Keywords: Special Expedition for Underwater Works, Order of the Red Banner, Order of the Red Banner of Labor, phaleristics, special services, diver, ship salvaging

Tkacheva G.A. (Vladivostok). Social protection of minors in the Far East of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War (1941—1945)

GALINA ANATOLYEVNA TKACHEVA
Doctor of Historical Sciences Leading Researcher
FGBUN Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of Peoples
Far East, FEB RAS,
690001, Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Pushkinskaya st., 89
е-mail: tkacheva@ihaefe.ru

Abstract. The article, using the sources introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, examines the problems of everyday life and social protection of children in the Far East of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War within the socio-economic (creation of state specialized educational, medical institutions for children) and psychological and pedagogical (providing conditions for the development and education of citizens of a new formation) tasks. It is determined that the administrative-territorial authorities of the Far East provided assistance within the limits of financial and economic possibilities to those in need of implementing the regulatory and legislative guidelines of the paternalistic support system. During the war in the Far Eastern region, 80-90% of minors were accepted for state support, in orphanages — no more than 35-45% of orphans, if there are places, primarily those whose parents died defending the Fatherland. The socialization of children from orphanages was carried out in accordance with the normative documents on the organization of the educational process, military-patriotic and labor education. The centralized state paternalistic system with a wide range of measures for the socialization of minors left without care was mainly focused not on the prevention of orphan hood, but on the elimination of its consequences — the integration of minors into Soviet society.
Keywords: Great Patriotic War, Far East of the USSR, paternalistic provision system, orphanages, social protection of minors

Vashchuk A.S. (Vladivostok). Market transformations and «scenarios» for the formation of entrepreneurship in the gold mining industry in the North-East of Russia (1990s)

ANGELINA SERGEEVNA VASHCHUK
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor,
principal researcher
Institute of History, Archaeology and
Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far-East,
Far- Eastern Branch of the RAS,
690109, Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Vatutina st., 12
E-mail: va-lina@mail.ru

Abstract. The article is devoted to the history of property reform in the gold mining industry in the Russian region, which is distinguished by a special economic complex and mentality of the population. It is concluded that in the early 1990s, a difficult situation was developing in the regional political environment: some politicians and business executives advocated rapid privatization, and hoped for foreign investment. Other local politicians admitted that the very rapid privatization of mining enterprises could lead to the destruction of the industry. The general characteristics and features of privatization are highlighted. Using the example of the “gold loan”, the forced reaction of the government of the Russian Federation to the situation in the Magadan region and, in particular, in the gold mining industry during the privatization period is revealed. Two types of new owners are established; their characteristics are given taking into account the influence of various factors. In the 1990s, the reform of state property had a major impact on the decline in the growth rate of gold mining and on the development of a situation of “social shock” for the majority of residents of the Northeast, causing, as throughout the country, unemployment, non-payment of wages, in addition to the closure of settlements in the region and a powerful migration outflow of population. It was revealed that the enclave position of the region simplified the implementation of a model based on the type of a closed joint-stock company. At the same time, the specifics of the North-East was that here large entrepreneurs in harsh conditions, even at the stage of formation of their companies, showed a certain degree of social responsibility to employees and partly to the residents of the region.
Keywords: Russia, market reforms, privatization, Magadan region, authorities, gold mining industry, entrepreneurs

Shadrina A.N. (Vladivostok). A small beginning of a big way: education and activities of the Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North of the Khabarovsk Territory in 1991-2000

ANNA NIKOLAEVNA SHADRINA
Senior Lecturer of the Department of State Law
and Civil Law Disciplines of the Vladivostok Branch
of the Far Eastern Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 690087, Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Kotelnikova St., 21,
e-mail: anna.agalarkhanova@mail.ru

Abstract. An integral part of the national history is the history of indigenous peoples. In the process of development, like the whole country, the peoples of the North experienced the impact of transformations that took place in all spheres of life. The article examines the process of formation and activity of the Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North of the Khabarovsk Territory in 1991-2000. The prerequisites and sequence of the formation of the association are determined, the program provisions are investigated. The source base of the research was the materials of the Central Archive of Social Movements in Moscow and the State Archive of the Khabarovsk Territory, periodicals. The author comes to the conclusion that in the process of formation of the Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North of the Khabarovsk Territory, there is both a spontaneous beginning and the desire of the party and state authorities to control this process. Despite this ambivalence, as a result, an organization has emerged that represents and protects the interests of small peoples
Keywords: indigenous peoples of the North, public associations, associations, national policy, Far East, Khabarovsk Territory

Medvedeva L.M. (Vladivostok). Reforming the system of training highly qualified scientific personnel in graduate school: projects and reality

LIUDMILA MIKHAILOVNA MEDVEDEVA
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department
history, archeology and ethnology of the
Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East,
Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
690001, Russian Federation, Vladivostok, st. Pushkinskaya, 89.
E-mail: medvedeva_l@mail.ru

Abstract. The article is devoted to the trends and results of reforming the system of training highly qualified personnel in Russia in the 2000s – 2020s. The problems of innovative and high-tech development of the country are indicated in the context of general strategic objectives. Analogies are drawn with foreign experience in the field of resource provision and the effectiveness of scientific and technological development. The factors that influenced the transformations in the field of higher education are noted: material support, massization and the level of organization of the educational process, the quality of education, etc. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of the effectiveness of the postgraduate work are given. It is concluded that the reforms undertaken in the training of highly qualified personnel in graduate school did not bring the expected result, since they did not eliminate the reasons for its inefficiency. Reforming the system of education and graduate school is a trial and error process. In terms of improving the management of the personnel training system, it is advisable to strengthen scientific modeling and forecasting of processes. The problem of financial support for the training and involvement of young people in the scientific field can be solved through a general economic recovery, restructuring of social policy and transferring part of the financial burden from the state budget to the business sector.
Keywords: Personnel training, postgraduate study, highly qualified personnel, higher education, massization of education, education reform

Petruk A.V. (Vladivostok). Periodicals about Vladimir Arseniev: image transformation in the media discourse

ANZHELIKA VITALIEVNA PETRUK
The Scientific Secretary of The Vladimir K. Arseniev
Museum and Reserve of Far East History
Russian Federation, 690078, Vladivostok, Soyuznayastreet, 19, 60
e-mail: anzhelika07@list.ru

Abstract. The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the image of the famous traveler, explorer, owner Vladimir Arseniev, which was broadcast on the pages of Russian and Soviet series of publications of different years. The study was based on the analysis of articles in newspapers and magazines stored in the V.K. Arseniev in the collection of the Museum-Reserve of the History of the Far East named afterV.K. Arseniev as well as in other collections. Emphasis is placed on identifying the social context of the life and work of V.K. Arseniev, who happened to work in the Far East in the difficult situation of the 1920s. and, consequently, had to become a passive participant in the transformation of scientific knowledge that was taking place at that time: from traditional science to a system based on the principles of proletarian internationalism. The author comes to the conclusion that the media play an extremely important role in sharping the image of the researcher’s personality. V.K. Arseniev’s example shows how the context of publications directly depends on the dominant ideology in the country and changes in accordance with it.
Keywords: Vladimir Arseniev, expeditions, publications, travel diaries, image, intellectual biography, interpretation, media discourse

Popravko E.A. (St. Petersburg). Andrey Vasilievitch Khrulev as a member and chairman of the all-army military hunting society

ELENA ALEXANDROVNA POPRAVKO
Doctor of Historical Science, Army General
V. Khrulev Military Academy of Logistics,
Professor of Chair of Military and Political Work in Troops (Forces), Makarova Naberezhnaya, Saint-Petersburg,
199034, Russian Federation
E-mail: elena_popravko@mail.ru

Abstract. It was researched the process of formation and development of a military societies for hunting and fishing: from Vsevobuch (during the Civil War) and the Central Commission for Hunting and Fishing (at 1920s) to the All-Army Military Hunting Society (from 1933 to the end of the 1950s). Also it was analysed the development of the functions of military hunting societies, their role in the tactical training of the Red Army warriors, in realization of the functions of military geographical work (study of geographical areas as potential theaters of military operations or possible rear areas of the acting army). It was researched development of the military hunting societies infrastructure, intended as for recreation and recreation of red commanders and their family members as for increasing of production base (harvesting meat and fish, skins, wild plants and medicinal plants, etc.). It was considered the A. V. Khrulev role as a participant and one of the leaders of the military hunting society, and then the Chairman of the All-Army Military Hunting Society (AAMHS). In article it was examines the AAMHS activities during the Great Patriotic War, including the contribution of the society enterprises and hunting farms to the defense production. It was noted that Andrey Vasilyevich Khrulev’s hobby displayed the same traits that were characteristic of him as a person: the ability to turn a small personal hobby into a large socially significant work. This was fully manifested in the activities as Chairman of the All-Army Military Hunting Society in the 1930s – 1940s. His personal hobby quickly turned into serious work, which showed all the best features as organizer and military leader.
Keywords: A. V. Khrulev, All-Army Military Hunting Society (AAMHS), Red Army Commanders, tactical competencies, military geographical work